Ovarian cysts can sound like an ominous condition, but they are actually quite common and in many cases don’t even cause symptoms. They are merely tiny sacs filled with fluid which develop either on or in the ovary.
While there are many symptoms which may be related to ovarian cysts, pain in the abdominal or pelvic region may occur due to a cyst. The pain may be caused by different factors all related to the presence of one or more cysts.
Painful menstrual periods
For some women who have ovarian cysts, pain may occur during their menstrual cycle. When you have periods which are difficult or painful, it is known as dysmennorhea. Usually when a painful period is related to an ovarian cyst, the pain can occur at any time throughout the cycle: just before your period, during menstruation, or just after your period stops.
If you have“functional” ovarian cysts, the menstrual pain is usually due to the cyst reacting to increased levels of hormones in the blood during your cycle. Also, ovarian cysts pain during menstruation may be due to the presence of an endometrioma.
This type of ovarian cysts develops in women with endometriosis. It is caused by the growth of uterine tissue on the outside of your ovary. It may cause you to have painful cramping during your period.
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Part of the reason endometrial cysts cause menstrual pain is due to the fact that the cells release prostaglandins, and in turn muscles of the uterus contract. These contractions can be painful during menstruation. When it comes to endometrial ovarian cysts, pain may be a symptom for some women, but not for others. It can vary significantly.
Painful intercourse
Endometrial cysts on the ovaries can also cause sexual intercourse to be quite painful for a woman. When thrusting occurs during intercourse, the penis may irritate one of the endometrial nodules. These can be very tender and thus painful.
Also, if an ovarian cyst has ruptured or becomes ruptured, sex can be particularly painful. This can be true of follicular cysts and other types of cysts, not just endometrial cysts.
Ovarian torsion
When a woman has ovarian cysts, pain may also be caused when the cyst twists the ovary. When this occurs, the blood supply to the cyst is cut off. This twisting is referred to as ovarian torsion, and may cause sudden, intense pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Painful urination
For women who have ovarian cysts, pain during urination may be another problem. This may be caused by a cyst which is putting pressure on the bladder.
Ruptured or burst cysts
At times, an ovarian cyst may burst or rupture. As mentioned above, this can cause pain especially during sex or during one’s menstrual period. Typically with ruptured ovarian cysts, pain is sudden and very intense, and is usually experienced in the lower abdominal area or on one side of your pelvic area. The pain is partially caused when the fluid that was in the cyst irritates the lining of your pelvis. Sometimes the pain will slowly subside after a cyst ruptures.
When it comes to ovarian cysts, pain is experienced by some women, but not by others. However, any time you have sudden, sharp pain in your abdominal area it is a good idea to have it checked out by your doctor as soon as possible.
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